Heavy periods, (Menorrhagia or abnormal uterine bleeding), can be a challenging experience for many women. In this blog, we’ll delve into what they are, what is considered normal, and available treatments.

---

What is ‘normal’?

Normal menstrual bleeding ranges from 30 to 80 millilitres or 1/3 of a cup, over approximately 5-7 days. Mensturation should occur at the proper time in the cycle (between day 28 to day 32) and no more than 8 days of bleeding. 

---

Signs of heavy menstruation

Excessive bleeding

• Heavy menstruation involve bleeding that exceeds the normal range (more than 80mls or 1/3 of a cup)
• Flooding your pad or tampon (especially the largest sizes)
• Needing to change your pad or tampon every two hours or less, or overnight
• Blood clots that are larger than a 50-cent piece.
• Interrupting your daily activities, causing stress or anxiety

Other symptoms

• Feeling tired, exhausted, or dizzy
• Looking pale
• Having low iron levels
• Cramping and pain in your lower abdomen or back
• Worriyng that bleeding will soak through your clothes

---

Causes of heavy uterine bleeding

Understanding the potential causes of heavy uterine bleeding is essential for effective management. 

Some common factors include:

• In over 50% of women, a greater than usual growth in the uterus lining
• Complications of a pregnancy
• Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
• Endometriosis
• Endometrial polyps
• Endometrial cancer
• Adenomyosis (endometrium grown inside the muscle of the uterus)
• Fibroids (non-cancerous growth within the uterus wall)
• IUD (Intrauterine device)

---

Managing heavy menstruation

Consult with a healthcare professional

If you suspect you have heavy uterine bleeding, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional, such as your doctor (GP).  They may refer you for tests or to see a gynaecologist.

Biomedical

• Medications such as NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatories) and tranexamic acid
• Contraception, including the contraceptive pill, progestin-only pill, IUD
• Surgery

Chinese Medicine

Acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine may help reduce the symptoms of heavy periods, some research can be found by a case report and a population study.

By understanding the definition, causes, and management of heavy periods, women can take proactive steps towards better menstrual health.